Works presented

Summary
The intensive livestock production system is associated with an increasing automation of the farms and a greater production of manure, most of which is diluted due to the use of large quantities of water in the cleaning of the housing. Because of this, a large amount of slurry is produced, and farms do not always have enough land to apply it properly. In addition to the quantity produced, there is also the problem of storage, which must be sufficient and adequate, and of the transport and distribution systems over farmland, which can cause water pollution, either by direct or uncontrolled dumping, or by abusive agricultural use. Nowadays, legislation is emerging that will condition the direct application of slurry to the field (one of the most frequent destinations nowadays), so it is imperative to find alternative ways of revalorization of this product to the usual practices that also solve the problem of contamination that can generate bad slurry management practices. In this work, slurry, water and cattle feed samples are taken from different dairy cattle farms, their composition is analyzed and the data are processed to try to analyze the feasibility of different ways of slurry revalorization, namely: gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, solid-liquid separation and digestion. The compositional analysis includes physicochemical properties, as well as the analysis of the samples by using an ICP-MS and in a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, in order to know the proportions of the mineral elements in the samples. The data processing consists of completing the data obtained with a data bank from previous years, consulting the legislation in force regarding the different components of the materials analyzed and the permitted ranges, and a chemometric analysis to observe relationships and influences between the variables analyzed according to farm characteristics such as the type of livestock bedding or the type of pit. Finally, the above data will be contrasted with a literature review of revaluation methods to try to obtain useful data on the different alternatives.

Direction
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Tutorships)
MERINO GARCÍA, AGUSTÍN (Co-tutorships)
OMIL IGNACIO, BEATRIZ (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
LÓPEZ FABAL, ADOLFO (Secretary)
BARROS PENA, NIEVES (Member)

Summary
This project aims to enhance the products that the forest can yield through the proper management of a silvopastoral system. At the same time, it seeks to prevent the risk of forest fires by reducing the fuel load, which, due to the difficulty of machinery access to certain areas of the forest, increases significantly. The promoter of this project is the equestrian and cultural association Abrindo o Rejo through a concession granted by the Consellería do Medio Rural, following an offer by the association through the Laxe council (which is the owner of the territory) to manage the shrub vegetation. To carry out the project, the forest has been zoned into plots based on land occupation and current botanical characteristics, with the aim of studying and establishing possible actions and treatments necessary to introduce animals under continuous grazing, in a perimeter-fenced forest. After studying the palatability of vegetation and working in the area with various actions and infrastructures, the chosen livestock is horses, specifically crossbred specimens. The livestock load will be established to find a balance between horse production and timber production.

Direction
González Hernández, María del Pilar (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
MOSQUERA LOSADA, MARÍA ROSA (Secretary)
RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ, ANTONIO (Member)

Summary
The main objective of this Final Degree Project is the establishment in vitro of nodal explants of the monumental trees ‘Val da Fonte’ and ‘Ramil’, included in the “Catalogue of Unique Trees and Formations”. In the grafted specimen ‘Val da Fonte’, branch segments were collected from the base (clone VF-BS) and from the crown (clone VF-CR), taken to the laboratory and subjected to ‘forcing’ to obtain axillary shoots that were used as a source of explants, which were introduced and multiplied in vitro, recording the evolution of the multiplication rate in the first subcultures. With the material from the basal part, an in vitro rooting experiment was carried out to compare the percentage of rooting according to the induction method. In the ‘Ramil’ specimen, an in vitro multiplication test was carried out on previously established material, comparing the effect of LED light colour temperature (4000 K vs. 5500 K). In vitro rooting experiments were also carried out, analysing the effect of the induction method and the colour temperature of the light. Preliminary micrografting and meristem isolation trials were also carried out, which could be used to improve the organogenic capacity of the explants of the ‘Ramil’ clone. The continuous in vitro subculture of the ‘Val da Fonte’ specimen materials allowed to obtain a relatively high number of explants in VF-BS, and significantly less in VF-CR, but sufficient to establish the accessions. In clone ‘Ramil’ there were no significant differences in the multiplication rate (1.6-1.7) depending on the type of light. As for the percentage of rooting in vitro, VF-BS showed a moderately high value (30-40%), whereas in the ‘Ramil’ clone, rooting did not exceed 17%. These results made it possible to establish in vitro accessions and provide the basis for the regeneration of rooted vegetative propagules of these unique trees.

Direction
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Tutorships)
RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS DIAZ, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
González Hernández, María del Pilar (Member)

Summary
This TFG has two objectives: to establish an in vitro accession (clone ‘Capela’) consisting of nodal explants of ‘Ciprés da Capela do Salvador’ (Cupressus sempervirens L.), included in the ‘Catálogo de árbores e formacións senlleiras de Galicia’ and to evaluate the rooting capacity of propagules, to assess the possible regeneration of entire plants of this genotype. The methodology focuses on obtaining explants and their subsequent establishment in vitro. For this purpose, several disinfection treatments of the explants prior to establishment were compared. Subsequently, the progression of the number of explants was observed over several subcultures and the effect of the culture medium and light source during in vitro multiplication was studied. Subsequently, a preliminary in vitro rooting test was carried out by testing two types of auxin induction. In parallel, 4 juvenile clonal lines were established from seeds and their multiplication and rooting rates were evaluated. The explants of clone ‘Capela’ have been successfully multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). WPM medium can alternatively be used. No significant differences were observed between the use of 4000 K and 6500 K LED lights. At the moment it has not been possible to root the multiplied propagules. The clonal lines of juvenile material have been successfully multiplied on MS + 0.1 mg/l BAP medium, with a rooting rate of 31-37% on clone ‘XUV1’. These results indicate that it is possible to establish an in vitro accession from nodal explants of ‘Capela do Salvador’ cypress. It would be necessary to persevere with rooting trials, using micro-grafting on juvenile material to improve the rooting capacity of the adult explants.

Direction
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Tutorships)
RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ, ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
IGLESIAS DIAZ, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
Vázquez Ruiz de Ocenda, Rosa Ana (Member)

Summary
The principal objective of this work is the creation of a georeferenced database for the urban trees of the Higher Polytechnic School of Engineering of Lugo, in which a large part of the species present in the school can be identified and classified with different dendometric parameters. On the other hand, it is also intended to be a reference model to be able to carry out ornamental assessments of the tree species that surround us, so that the importance of ornamental urban trees and the benefits it brings to both cities and citizens is clear. It is necessary to create more sustainable places that reduce the impacts of modern society. And within this specific study of urban trees, risk assessment methods are also applied to create a score for those trees that need it most.

Direction
IGLESIAS DIAZ, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ, ANTONIO (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO DIAZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Member)

Summary
Centaurea ultreiae is an endemic endangered species from Monte do Castelo (A Coruña), flowering in spring, fruit set occurs in early summer. The present work aims to assess the optimal conditions for seed germination and describe a reliable species-specific protocol for seed viability analysis. Besides, it seeks to optimize the acclimatization process to allow reintroductions or population reinforcements from plants produced through micropropagation. This work is part of “Plan y programa de refuerzo de las poblaciones de la especie Centaurea ultreiae dentro del ámbito de ocupación del Proyecto del Parque Eólico de Bustelo”, which impacts the habitat of the species. The viability tests that provided the most consistent results were performed using 0.1% tetrazolium staining, yielding viability percentages of around 75% in seeds stored for 1 year and 60% in seeds stored for 2 years, confirming the orthodox nature of the seeds. In both cases, there was a significant proportion of seeds that were in poor condition, as occurs in other species of the genus. C. ultreiae seeds appear to exhibit dormancy. Heat shock treatments in an oven provided the highest in vivo germination rates, exceeding 80%. On the other hand, the application of GA3 (2 mg·l-1) was not effective in stimulating in vitro germination. The acclimatization of vitroplants on a peat and perlite substrate (1:1) resulted in a 96.4% survival rate after 60 days.

Direction
FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO, JUAN LUIS (Tutorships)
Couso Viana, Ana (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
RIGUEIRO RODRÍGUEZ, ANTONIO (Secretary)
LAMOSA QUINTEIRO, SANTIAGO (Member)

Summary
In this work, the growth and competition in poplar plantations aimed at producing quality wood for processing were evaluated. The main objective is to establish growth precedents in acidic soils and analyze their development. A total of 6 plots were analyzed, all planted with the Raspalje clone (Populus x interamericana) for lumber production, although there are some trees of the AF2 clone (Populus x euramericana) in plot 2. Plot 3 has a mixed wood-biomass plantation where both quality wood and biomass for energy purposes are examined. This plot was planted with the Raspalje clone for lumber production and Raspalje and Trichobel (Populus trichocarpa) cuttings for biomass production. At least two dendrometric inventories were carried out in all plots, with a difference of one vegetative stage, the first one at the end of 2020 and the second in January 2022, except for plot 4 which was in December 2021. Another inventory was done in 2024 for plot 3. Individual tree and mass variables were calculated and used to obtain the competition index. Results indicate good adaptation of the Raspalje clone to acidic soils, with soil texture and spacing being determining factors. Plots 1 and 2 show good growth but competition is beginning to arise. Plot 3 is forecasted to have the best results, bordering on quality class II. Biomass growths indicate the great potential of Raspalje and Trichobel, with the latter standing out. Plots 4 and 6 are young and it is too early to estimate their growth, although it is expected to be moderate. Plot 5 was not properly established and is considered a failure.

Direction
RODRÍGUEZ SOALLEIRO, ROQUE (Tutorships)
EIMIL FRAGA, CRISTINA (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
ALVAREZ GONZALEZ, JUAN GABRIEL (Secretary)
DIEGUEZ ARANDA, ULISES (Member)

Summary
This Final Degree Project focuses on the study of the behaviour of a potential fire in pine forest located in Mesos and Galegos, Frades Council, in the province of A Coruña. A stratification of the work area and a subsequent inventory have been carried out to collect data on variables required for the characterization of the surface fuel and the canopy fuel. Based on the data of the variables, it was determined which tesseras could develop a canopy fire, and in that case, in which of them the fire could spread through the canopy. On the other hand, in those tesseras where the potential fire would be a surface fire, it has been estimated its propagation speed and it has been calculated its linear intensity in order to classify the fire according to the difficulty of controlling it. This study has been applied in three different scenarios in terms of burning conditions, ranging from mild to extreme. According to the results obtained, polewood in the study area are more susceptible to crown fires than high forest, and this probability increases in the most severe scenarios, especially in low polewood. Regarding the spread phase, in most cases, potential fires would be passive fires, except for the most favourable spread scenario, where an active crown fire could develop in all tesseras where it had previously started. Finally, it was determined that, for the first scenario, the difficulty of controlling the fire would be moderate to very difficult for most of tesseras, while in the remaining scenarios, it would be extreme or practically impossible.

Direction
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
LOMBARDERO DIAZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ SOALLEIRO, ROQUE (Secretary)
González Hernández, María del Pilar (Member)

Summary
This work characterizes the types of habitats listed in Annex I of Directive 92/43/EEC within the archipelagos of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Maritime-Terrestrial Park and analyzes changes that have occurred over 64 years. Initially, a review is conducted of the cartography found in the National Park's Master Plan for Use and Management (PRUG), based on the SIXPAC orthoimage from 2002-2003. The obtained data is then superimposed with the cartographies prepared for the periods 2014, 2020, and images from the “American flight” of 1956-1957 to assess alterations and changes in the corresponding habitat grid cells and types. The subsequent methodology consisted of using photo-interpretation techniques and vegetation cartography to analyze changes in the territory using high-resolution images. The analysis of changes in Environmental Units/habitats was aligned with the criteria set by the Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC) to evaluate the structural parameters affecting the conservation status. To standardize the classification of the types of changes developed in this work with those used for the rest of the Natura 2000 Network, equivalence is established with the typologies of pressures and threats used in the Standard Data Forms of the Network's spaces in the application of Article 17 of the Directive. These typologies are related to the Reference List on Threats, Pressures, and Activities, periodically updated by the European Environment Agency. Upon evaluating the changes, it was concluded that the Environmental Unit presenting the largest surface area of change corresponds to shrublands and rocky areas due to the loss of surface area caused by forest plantations in the archipelagos. The effects of current coastal dynamics due to climate change and sea level rise were also noted, resulting in an increase in marine surface areas at the expense of reduced beach and dune ecosystem areas.

Direction
RAMIL REGO, PABLO (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
DIAZ VARELA, EMILIO RAFAEL (Secretary)
REAL RODRIGUEZ, CARLOS (Member)

Summary
The “Profesor Río Barxa de Meira” recreational area is a significant community space that serves as a central location for community activities. Currently, lighting is insufficient and does not comply with energy efficiency regulations. The lack of lighting also restricts the organization of evening and night events. The Law Regulating the Bases of Local Regime attributes to the City Council the responsibility of providing public lighting. For this reason, the Meira City Council commissioned this project to improve the lighting of the recreational area. The project seeks to design and implement an efficient and sustainable lighting system, covering all areas of the recreational area with LED technology. LEDs offer high energy efficiency, greater durability and less maintenance, thus reducing consumption and CO2 emissions. In addition, they improve the quality of lighting, with better color reproduction and less light pollution. The use of LEDs is a strategic decision that will provide economic, environmental and quality of life benefits for users in the short and long term. A total of 255 LED technology luminaires will be installed, using two different types of luminaires for the planned installation: SCHEREDER CALLA LED 18.3W and SCHEREDER AXIA 2.1. of 9 W. The new luminaires will comply with what is specified in the energy efficiency regulations for outdoor lighting installations.

Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, MIGUEL ANGEL (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Secretary)
MAREY PEREZ, MANUEL FRANCISCO (Member)

Summary
Hardwood, specifically oak wood, is closely linked to the production of high quality wines. In Galicia both sectors, forestry and wine, converge. The purpose of this study is to characterize the cooperage parks of two distinguised Galician wine Denominations of Origin, Monterrei and Valdeorras. A study will be conducted on the type of wood used in the barrels in which their wines are aged, as well as their origin of both the raw material and the supplying companies. In addition to the above, the analysis extends to other relevant aspects such as the duration of the barrels and their annual replacement rate, noting that a significant part of the barrel stock is of short duration, which directly impacts the economic investment made by the wineries each season. Moreover, the preferences and perceptions of wine consumers are evaluated through statistical analysis. There is a widespread lack of knowledge on the part of the population regarding the aging processes of wines, but in spite of this, there is a notable appreciation among regular consumers for wines aged in wood, specifically French and American oak. In the case of Galician wood, although its use in cooperage is not common in any of the Denominations of Origin under study, this does not exclude that winery managers from considering the option of using oak wood from this region when select the barrels, also taking into account the maintenance and regeneration of native deciduous forests, thus closing the cycle of production and value generation within our autonomous community.

Direction
Vila Lameiro, Pablo (Tutorships)
CONDE FERNANDEZ, ADRIANA (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
DIAZ-MAROTO HIDALGO, IGNACIO JAVIER (Secretary)
Riesco Muñoz, Guillermo (Member)

Summary
Nowadays, initiatives that seek for sustainability, environment protection, circular economy, appropriate management of waste product, etc., are becoming stronger day by day in every area in general, and particularly in the field of road network. This field has always been defined by its elevated energy consumption and its high need of natural resources. These two reasons explain why it is especially interesting to study diverse techniques for reusing, recycling, etc. which allow to reach a better efficiency in the area of road infraestructure, as well as becoming more environment-friendly. For that matter, the present study tries to deepen in the use of reclaimed asphalt, commonly named as RA in Spain, in the making of bituminous mixtures. The main goal is to understand the current situation of these type of materials, explaining the utilization at this time, as well as the evolution, starting from the making of the first experiences and the publishing of the first technical standards which regulate its use, both at national and international level. On the other hand, RA’s properties will be described, explaining the different kinds of tests that can be performed in order to achieve a proper characterization of the main properties. Some of the previously mentioned tests will be performed at the research laboratory for a particular case study. This will make it possible to assess the viability of using RA of a specific origin in the making of new mixtures.

Direction
CASTRO PONTE, ALBERTE (Tutorships)
NUÑEZ TEMES, CARLOS (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Coordinator)
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Chairman)
FUENTES FAILDE, PABLO (Secretary)
FERREIRO OTERO, DARIO (Member)

Summary
The purpose of this document is to study the feasibility and design of the construction of a pedestrian walkway on Infanta Elena avenue at the mall As Termas high (Lugo), a metallic structure mainly built in steel that will allow pedestrians to pass between the two commercial areas without interfering with road traffic. To do this, all the operations necessary to complete the execution work of the structure will be taken into account. This action will have a direct impact on road safety on Infanta Elena Avenue, which is currently one of the main accesses to the city of Lugo from the A-6 highway and N-VI. Another direct impact of this action will be to increase the movement of pedestrians between the different commercial spaces in the area. This action would be part of a set of actions to unify the commercial spaces in the area, giving new uses to the environment and trying to reduce the use of combustion vehicles when traveling. This document will technically address the different sections needed to define the appropriate construction process within the legal framework, providing optimal solutions to solve construction needs.

Direction
NUÑEZ TEMES, CARLOS (Tutorships)
GUAITA FERNANDEZ, MANUEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Coordinator)
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Chairman)
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Secretary)
GARCIA GARRIDO, GABRIEL (Member)

Summary
In this final degree project, it is decided to design a new recreational area and the reorganization of Vilavella bay, through the construction of a new pier whose structure consists of a vertical load-bearing wall executed by means of in-situ concrete blocks and three-sided formwork, resulting in a new reclamation area of approximately 2000m2 for recreational use. The purpose of the project is the creation of new nautical facilities for the concession and operation of a new sheet of water where the installation of new floating pontoons can be carried out, thus giving the possibility of offering new mooring places for small recreational boats that for years have been demanded by users of water sports in the area. both by local users in Ribadeo and in the western part of Asturias. At the same time, this project contemplates the execution of a pontoon for the exclusive use of rowing and canoeing sports, thus offering a service to both local clubs and individuals who love these sports disciplines. For all this, it will be necessary to dredge an access channel of about 350m long by 50m wide, which will be executed at the level -1.25m with respect to the local level of Ribadeo Port. The closure of the new esplanade will be carried out towards the sea side by means of a breakwater of about 25m in length. It will also be necessary to channel the collection of rainwater from the N-642 that has its current exit directly to the cove through an open channel. As a final result of the project, it is intended to provide new services that have been demanded for a long time by users both to the city council of Ribadeo and to the different administrations such as the Provincial Council of Lugo or Xunta de Galicia, and that through the concession of the new sheet of water available for the installation of the pontoons for nautical use, this investment can be amortized by the public administration that decides to carry it out.

Direction
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Tutorships)
CARBALLO SANCHEZ, RODRIGO (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Coordinator)
CASTRO PONTE, ALBERTE (Chairman)
NUÑEZ TEMES, CARLOS (Secretary)
COTA MASCUÑANA, DAVID (Member)

Summary
In today’s world, awareness is spreading about mental health conditions, as depression and anxiety are being all the more recognized and reported. Anxiety and depression, which are closely linked together, have seen a preoccupying rise in recent years, as well as being aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. An especially vulnerable group is that of senior citizens who, in our country, suffer from loneliness as they are being neglected by care centers and services. There are clinicals tests available that allow us to evaluate the cognitive state of a patient. However, manual administration is required, and they are far from serving as a way of frequently and easily monitoring the patient’s mental health. Also, the results may frequently be biased due to the subjective nature associated with the diagnostic questions. Thus, we find motivation in researching about the viability of the use of bio signals, recorded straight from the individual, as a way to predict his or her cognitive state by using an artificial learning model. Here, we analyze the state of the art when it comes to the diagnostic tools and bio technology available to us, and we point out those physiological tell-signs that can be accusatory of a mental health condition, so as to build our prediction model. The results will be translated to a practical application for everyday use.

Direction
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Secretary)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Member)

Summary
The Ronda da Muralla is a perimeter road that encircles the historical monument known as the Roman Walls of Lugo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000, serving as a large roundabout connecting the north and south areas of the city of Lugo. In recent years, interventions have been carried out along the entire Ronda with the aim of reducing motorized traffic to achieve two general objectives: the preservation of the wall and prioritizing pedestrians. Concerning the wall, efforts are made to dignify and highlight the monument to enhance its historical value while protecting it from noise, vibrations, and pollution. Regarding pedestrians, the goal is to increase their prominence by gaining public space, thereby fostering a healthier and more sustainable city. The following technical study aims to analyze various alternatives for the reorganization of traffic on the Ronda da Muralla (Lugo) section between Porta de Bispo Odoario and Porta de San Fernando. The objective is to determine the feasibility of managing the current traffic in anticipation of a potential future complete or partial pedestrianization of the Ronda. To achieve this, the characteristics of the section will be analyzed, followed by a manual traffic count for both the section and all possible alternatives that could capture the current traffic. Subsequently, a microsimulation analysis using the AIMSUN software will be conducted, and a comparison will be made between the current state and the proposed alternatives.

Direction
COTA MASCUÑANA, DAVID (Tutorships)
FUENTES FAILDE, PABLO (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Coordinator)
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Chairman)
NUÑEZ TEMES, CARLOS (Secretary)
CASTRO PONTE, ALBERTE (Member)

Summary
The increased frequency of extreme weather events, such as the droughts that have affected the country's crops in recent years, is one of the greatest challenges facing the agricultural sector today. In this context, the need arises to improve the efficiency of water consumption by adapting it to the specific demands of each crop. Therefore, this Final Degree Project aims to develop a low power consumption IoT sensor node that is able to measure environmental variables and transmit them to a remote server using different wireless communication technologies. The collection of this data will allow adapting irrigation to climatic conditions reducing unnecessary water consumption. To achieve this objective, the characteristics and energy requirements of the electronic components used will be studied.

Direction
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Tutorships)
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Secretary)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Member)

Summary
Offline reinforcement learning aims to learn policies using datasets collected from (safe) interactions with the physical environment. These algorithms have made it possible to learn useful policies from data that can then be implemented in the real world, where online interactions can be costly or dangerous, such as in robotics. However, these offline agents are limited by distributional shift, an inherent problem when using static datasets for training. This project presents a method that seeks to mitigate the impact of this problem by implementing a model of the environment by using an ensemble of neural networks. With this model, it is possible to prevent agents from deviating from the distribution of the data that present in the training dataset, by calculating the uncertainty associated with each state, thus helping avoid potentially dangerous situations.

Direction
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Secretary)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Member)

Summary
This project implements an image classifier algorithm adapted to the needs of an automated system of an innovation company. A system capable of labelling objects using a few examples of each object class and without requiring model retraining is developed. Using pre-trained neural networks, feature vectors are extracted from images which are compared with examples pre-input to the algorithm to assign the class. This work has provided a route to follow to include the solution in the company's product so that it is reliable, accurate and fast.

Direction
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Secretary)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
In Robotics there are two clearly differentiated fields: service robotics and automated or industrial robotics. The first, focuses more on tasks where human presence is more common and increases the safety and comfort of people. It also includes other tasks that may more or less directly affect a person or a group of individuals. It is constantly developing and evolving. The second, is a robotics more focused on the use of resources or goods to produce new products or services, generic or more specific. Interaction with humans, including the environment, is less. The main difference from its application is its standardization because it has stronger foundations and it is easier to integrate. With the increase in population, changes in lifestyles, economic and social improvements, urban structures and the market system, the need for consumption has increased sporadically. To facilitate production, automated systems or Automation were born, capable of providing the necessary products and services in a timely and efficient manner. The objectives of this work are: to make known how the industrial sector works, to teach the materials that are used, how is the programming within the sector through the Grafcet and the Gemma Guide together with the HMI and show different useful applications within the production and treatment of resources, services or products.

Direction
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Secretary)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
The availability of abstract and precise representations of hepatic vascular structures arises as a necessity for classifying and contextualizing automated detections of tumors in livers. Furthermore, the correct identification and characterization of these vascular structures can facilitate the planning of medical interventions and the monitoring of treatments. This work focuses on the evaluation of skeletonization algorithms applied to the aforementioned problem of representing vascular structures in livers. To conduct a proper analysis of the problem, it has been necessary to develop a technique tailored to the specific needs of this issue.

Direction
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Secretary)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
With current technological developments, the presence of smart devices in homes is becoming increasingly common in pursuit of improving people's life quality, increasing well-being or managing energy resources efficiently. This bachelor's thesis describes how a home automation system adapted to the characteristics of a bioclimatic home was implemented through a decentralised control architecture using three PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). The work focuses especially on the programming of the controllers, from which the lighting, air conditioning, domestic hot water, etc. are managed, and on the communication of these with a graphical interface of the home and with the field devices necessary for control.

Direction
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Tutorships)
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Secretary)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
This final degree project focuses on the creation of a platform for detecting the feeling of loneliness, specifically, in elderly users. This will be done through a conversation, so an intelligent conversational agent will be used which must have the ability to analyze the voice and give a logical response in relation to the user's intentions. To detect loneliness, a study will be made of the various existing tests and the most appropriate one for this task will be chosen. The chosen test will be digitized and configured in the agent so that it can be performed The implementation of the agent will be done in a web application and in a Pepper robot. The web application will seek to develop a platform accessible from any touch device with a browser and internet connection. With the implementation in Pepper, a more pleasant and dynamic environment will be sought for interaction with this agent. At the end of this work, the operating results of the agent will be analyzed and the possible best ones to apply to it will be concluded.

Direction
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Chairman)
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Member)

Summary
This project designs an automated solution for feeding mouldings to a coating line. Currently, this process is carried out by operators who manually unstack each piece of material. Different hardware alternatives were analysed, seeking the most suitable for the presented needs. The results of this analysis were the starting point for designing the system using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools to create two-dimensional models. Additionally, the functionality is described, accompanied by Sequential Function Charts (GRAFCET), which reflect the program flow and will serve as a guide for programming in the PLC. The automation consists of a Cartesian robot with 2 degrees of freedom, featuring a suction plane as the end effector, with vacuum generation as the basis for picking up and transporting the mouldings. This is complemented by a series of conveyor belts, the first to bring the packages closer and remove the lids once they have been completely unstacked. The following belts focus on feeding the line, adding a material flipping step when necessary. Using AutoCAD software, all the necessary plans to delineate this system were developed, divided into a total of four. One plan defines how the line will look once the solution is implemented, the necessary changes to be made, and the new required safety systems. Then, there is the dimensional plan, where all the system measurements are outlined with reference to the line. These will guide the mechanical fabrication of the system. In relation to the latter, there are plans that specify all the electrical equipment, clearly separating the robot from the rest of the system. Using GRAFCET, the sequence of operations and the logical conditions for transitioning between them in each zone of the system are graphically established. This provides a functional description and definition of the control system for each zone. The safety system is programmed and virtually simulated, observing its mode of operation in response to any type of danger, whether it be an attempt to access a dangerous area or the pressing of an emergency button. Finally, a small estimation of costs for civil works, mechanical and electrical equipment, personnel required for specific tasks, and legal procedures is presented. The project results indicate that a robotic arm is not always the best solution for automating a process. When excessive precision is not required and the movements are quite constrained, a robot with fewer degrees of freedom is the best option.

Direction
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Chairman)
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Member)

Summary
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is an annual herbaceous leguminous plant, cultivated for its seeds. The A Mariña region in Lugo is renowned for the quality of its Faba Galaica beans (FG), recognized as a product with the Protected Geographical Indication 'Faba de Lourenzá' since 2008. Faba do marisco (FM), another common variety in Galicia, stands out for its extraordinary organoleptic qualities. This crop is susceptible to various significant diseases caused by seed-transmitted pathogens, including the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psph) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xaph). This study investigated crucial aspects of the presence and transmission of pathogens to the seed, as well as the optimization of techniques for early detection in seed lots, both for FG and FM. In a batch of FG seeds, grouped into 8 dates of infection of the mother plant, the DIP-ELISA technique was employed to detect the prevalence of the pathogens in each group. The sensitivity of DIP-ELISA was compared by analyzing BCMV in radicle and leaves. Germination rate and BCMV prevalence were examined in category A and deformed FG seeds, as well as in 12 lots of FM seeds from different years and origins. An epidemiological monitoring of BCMV was carried out in two FM crops and a FG crop associated with a corn crop, comparing the latter with a commercial FG crop in Lourenzá. The BCMV transmission rate to FG seeds was 24.3%, and the bacteria prevalence was 5.6%. DIP-ELISA detected BCMV in radicle with a 92% accuracy. No significant relationship was found between the date of infection of the mother plant and the transmission of BCMV to the seeds. Deformed seeds did not show a higher virus prevalence but had a lower germination rate. FM presented a BCMV prevalence of 3.2% in seeds, with a germination rate of 97% in seeds from the last year and 4% in older seeds. FM achieved a lower prevalence of BCMV than FG at the end of the cycle. Preventive measures for BCMV, such as using virus-free seedlings, remoteness from professional production zones, and association with corn crops, prove to be effective in infection prevention, especially when applied together.

Direction
CABALEIRO SOBRINO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
LOMBARDERO DIAZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Secretary)
RUIZ NOGUEIRAS, BENIGNO (Member)

Summary
When U.maydis, a phytopathogenic fungus, is able to infect corn plants and cause the production of hypertrophic tumors, white on the outside and black on the inside, the edible fungus known as 'huitlacoche' appears. A food with increasing demand, both in national and international markets, typical of luxury kitchens. The production of huitlacoche is subject to multiple variables, such as the relationship established with its host (Zea maydis), both at a genetic and physiological level, variations in environmental conditions on the most favorable dates of infection, as well as the situation of These are in the corn cultivation calendar itself. This work seeks to determine the influence that the variables have on the infection process and gall production. On the one hand, a standardized production guideline for U.maydis mycelium will be developed, from two compatible strains (C2V7), in liquid medium based on malt extract (ML2). On the other hand, a field inoculation protocol will be established, determining the concentration, inoculation method and choice of the physiological state of the spikes, together with the dates on which to carry out the field work. The data obtained reflects the importance of climatology and physiological state, above the concentrations or type of inoculum to be used, which is of great help in organizing a short window of days for future actions in the field. The most important factors will be the humidity, precipitation and temperature conditions on the day of inoculation itself and the following day, ensuring a minimum of precipitation, at moderately high temperatures, but without humidity exceeding 75-77%. Only 13 positive spikes were present out of the 160 inoculated, with an effectiveness of 8.12% of the total inoculations; Therefore, the data collected is not decisive. It seems that the physiological state of the “B” spikes (R1-R2) and inoculum with a concentration of 2x106 basidiospores/mL are more favorable for gall production. The results, although preliminary, allow us to eliminate a large part of the variables involved in the scale process of huitlacoche production in traditional Galician corn, such as Meiro corn.

Direction
CABALEIRO SOBRINO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
LOMBARDERO DIAZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Secretary)
RUIZ NOGUEIRAS, BENIGNO (Member)

Summary
The objectives of this project consist of the design of a machine for washing vegetables that helps and makes the task of cleaning them more bearable for their future commercialization. The aforementioned machine will consist of the following sub-assemblies or groups of components: - Structure: have the mission of serving as a support for most of the other elements and subsets that make up the machine. It will have the following elements: o Feet. o Upper structure. o Lower structure. o Auxiliary Els. o Lower plate. - Bathtub: its mission is to house the volume of liquid (water) intended to remove dirt from vegetables. o Bathtub body. o Side cover 1. o Side cover 2. o Mouth. o Perforated base. - Drum: its mission is to force the immersion of the vegetable in the water so that it is completely cleaned and that no part escapes this cleaning. At the same time, it will favour their movement and the vegetable exit through the mouth of the bathtub and onto the conveyor belt. o Rotating bass drum. o Engine side shaft. o Axis opposite side. o Anchoring bass drum-motor. o Threaded rods. o Engine o Handles. o Auxiliary parts. - Recirculation: its mission is to force the recirculation of the water that comes out of the mouth of the bathtub, collecting it, treating it and causing it to be driven again by the nozzles for cleaning, decompaction and movement of the vegetables to be treated. o Collector. o Deposits. o Tank covers. o Ears. o Bomb. o Engine. o Dealers. o Auxiliary parts. - Conveyor belt: your mission is to collect the vegetables that come out of the tub to be examined and classified.

Direction
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Arbones Maciñeira, Enrique Rafael (Secretary)
MAGIDE AMEIJIDE, JOSE MANUEL (Member)

Summary
The objective of this project is to obtain an economic benefit by constructing an industrial facility in the Costa Vella industrial park in Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), where a sourdough production plant for bakery and confectionery will be established. This plot is strategically located in relation to the most significant population centers, enabling improved distribution and sale of the manufactured product. Three types of sourdough will be crafted: one from wheat flour, another from rye flour, and finally, 100% whole wheat sourdough. The production will amount to 5,000 kg/day, alternating between the different types of sourdough based on production requirements. This project’s promoter is the owner of a family enterprise engaged in the production and distribution of flour. They aim to expand their business by investing in a product that is increasingly on the rise. Details of the production process, design engineering, and installation engineering are outlined in the annexes of the report and in the blueprints. The project was budgeted at the amount of 551.581,17€ and the construction will take 134 days, with execution aligned with the Basic Health and Safety Study.

Direction
GOMEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIO (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Arbones Maciñeira, Enrique Rafael (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
The present project aims to size, design, and evaluate, in accordance with current regulations, all the necessary infrastructures to carry out the rearing of 100 heifers. The farm will be located in the village of Bafaduira, in the parish of San Juan de la Riva, Municipality of A Baña, province of A Coruña, on an agricultural plot owned by the promoter. The projected constructions are a 50 m x 20 m barn, with a prefabricated concrete structure consisting of pillars, deep beams, and purlins. The roof will be made of sandwich panels, and the footings will be made “in situ”. This project will include the construction calculations, design, and sizing of the sanitation, plumbing, and electrical installations, along with the pertinent basic study of safety and health, quality control, and waste management. A detailed budget of all execution costs amounting to €302,279.64 was prepared. An economic-financial evaluation was also carried out, and the work is estimated to last a total of 61 working days. The main objectives of this project are to obtain quality heifers, ensure cow comfort, and perform daily tasks as comfortably as possible, combining modern farming techniques with proper management and controlled health, without incurring excessive expenses.

Direction
BARRASA RIOJA, MARTIN (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
The objective of this project is the design of a dairy farm for 64 heads (with the respective oscillations that occur throughout the exploitation process), which includes the design of all the relevant enclosures to carry out the cattle breeding on his own farm. The developer has a large property where he wishes to locate the project, which will be a concrete warehouse measuring 80,80 m x 40,00m, so there will be no pillars in the middle of the property. This design is proposed because the pillars that are usually found in the pit can make the work of homogenizing the slurry or extracting sand difficult. The pillars in the animal area could also make tasks such as distributing cubicle material with the truck difficult. The enclosures are sized base don the age of the animal (minimun surface area) and the number of animals expected in each lot.

Direction
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
Resumen: This project Baiting shed por 80 calves in A coruña, Ordes, Lesta aims to size design and evaluate taking into account current regulations, all the infraestructure necessary to carry out thes activities. The locatio of the warehose be in the Parish of Lesta int eh Council of Ordes, province of A coruña, on a plot owned by the developer. The ship of the warehouse will measure 42 x 21, with concrte structure made up of pillars, trusses, purlins and a roof. In this project the construction calculation, designs and dimensioning of the sanitation plumbing and electricity facilities will be carried in addition to the necessary health and safety and waste management studies. The budget amounts to: 436.601,39 The goal sought is to have a means of transportation that can provide monthly benefits and at the same time the promoter can have a certain quality of life, making the work in the warehouse as easy as posible with the least possible physical effort.

Direction
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, IBAN (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Iglesias Becerra, Antonio (Secretary)
BARRASA RIOJA, MARTIN (Member)

Summary
The present project Construction of a fattening shed and manure dump for 250 calves in Seoane de Arriba, Viana do Bolo (Ourense), has as its main objective to size, design and evaluate, in accordance with all current regulations, those infrastructures necessary to be able to carry out the activity of fattening calves, as well as the subsequent storage of its waste. The facilities to be built will be located near the town of Seoane de Arriba, in the parish of Solveira, located in the municipality of Viana do Bolo, province of Ourense, specifically on a plot of land for agricultural use that is owned by the developer. The planned constructions are a warehouse measuring 78.35 x 13.35 m, with a structure of recessed reinforced concrete portals, an exterior patio attached to the warehouse measuring 8.10 m x 72.2 m, and a storage area. of manure waste measuring 18 m x 8 m x 2.5 m high, with an approximate net capacity of 360 m3, will be covered with a prefabricated structure composed of pillars, load-bearing beams and purlins. In this project, all the construction calculations, design and sizing of the sanitation, plumbing and electrical facilities are prepared, in addition to the corresponding health and safety studies and the corresponding waste management. The calves will be marketed under the protection of the Ternera Gallega Denomination of Origin, and their diet will be based mainly on straw and concentrate. The All in all out system will be used and the animals will remain on the farm from 3 to 10 months of age, which is when the fattening process will end. The contract execution budget amounts to € 436.025,94 € and the work is expected to last a total of 53 working days. The objective of this project is to achieve a profitable farm that is competitive in the production of calves for subsequent slaughter, combining traditional and modern techniques. All of this without forgetting the importance of good management and care of the animals, always seeking the best possible sanitary conditions for both the calves and the farm staff, saving costs as much as possible.he purpose is to achieve a farm that is competitive in the porcine market, combining modern exploitation techniques with proper management and controlled sanitation, avoiding entailing excessive expenses.

Direction
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA GONZALEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Member)

Summary
The objectives of this technical study are to assess the health of the vine collection at Campus Terra of the University of Santiago de Compostela and to monitor the population dynamics of key vine pests and pathogens. For five months, data was collected on environmental conditions (Campus Lugo Station) and vine phenology (BBCH scale [Lorenz et al. 1994]). Weekly observations and samplings were conducted to diagnose pathogens, identify pests, and track the progression of key diseases (downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, and powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator) as well as the population dynamics of major pests (cluster moth, Lobesia botrana (Den. Y Schiff., Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), and green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)). Additionally, maps were created showing the relative importance of other harmful agents present. While 33.33% of the pests and pathogens listed in the MAPA Integrated Vine Pest Management Guide were found in the plot, downy mildew and powdery mildew pose the most significant threat. These fungal diseases, if left untreated, would put the survival of the plants at risk. Fungal diseases affecting the wood are also a concern due to the lack of effective treatments. Other agents caused less severe damage, including Phomosis viticola, black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), various mites, and viruses such as Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV), which were already present in the planting material. The study includes an illustrated guide for detecting and identifying pests found in the crop, along with recommendations for preventing, treating, and maintaining the Campus Terra vine collection.

Direction
CABALEIRO SOBRINO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
LOMBARDERO DIAZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Secretary)
GARCÍA BERRIOS, JULIÁN JESÚS (Member)

Summary
Globalisation processes have promoted the introduction of super productive cultivar varieties, to the detriment of traditional local varieties. In Galicia, to add value and promote the recuperation of these indigenous varieties of wheat and the traditional elaboration procedure of bread, the PGI Galician Bread was established, which protects Galicia’s bread as a traditional and quality product. Currently, there are 2 recognised varieties of Galician bread, which are ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’. In the bid specifications of the PGI Galician Bread it’s stated that at least a 25% of the total wheat used in the making of bread must be from these varieties, in order to be protected by the PGI. The objective of this essay is to nutritionally characterise breads made following the guidelines of the PGI. For that reason, both macronutrients and micronutrients were analysed. In total, 8 breads were analysed to study the influence of the indigenous wheat to obtain the flour (‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’), the influence of the farming method used in the wheat crop (organic or conventional) and the influence of the proportion of indigenous flour used in the formulation of the dough (100 and 25%). This way, in the analysis of the results, 3 factors (variety, farming method and proportion) and their interactions were considered. The farming method has been proved to be the least significant factor, affecting only the content of maltose, Na, Fe and Cu of the analysed breads. The variety was meaningful in the amount of moisture, protein, fructose, sucrose, maltose, amylose, amylopectin, Mg, P, K, Mn of the breads. It was demonstrated that the factor that influenced the most the nutritional characteristics of the breads was the proportion of indigenous flour used, since it affected the contents of moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fructose, amylose, amylopectin, Mg, P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn of the breads.

Direction
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
PRADO RODRIGUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, IBAN (Member)

Summary
The beef production sector is of special relevance in Galicia. In addition to its economic importance within the wider agricultural sector, it is also key for land management and conservation and for attracting and keeping population in rural areas. Nevertheless, the beef production sector is currently facing a critical situation. The lack of generational renewal is leading to a definitive cessation of operations for many farms and threatening the continuity of the sector. Professionalization, modernization, digitalization and, especially, a fair income for producers are key aspects to reverse this situation and ensure the survival of this sector and, more broadly, the future of Galician agriculture. Increased analysis and better knowledge of production costs would result in further improvement in the professionalization of the sector, increasing its profit margins and efficiency, and reducing its impact on the environment. On the other hand, the Spanish Food Supply Chain Law emphasizes the importance of the prices paid to producers being higher than the effective costs of production to guarantee the balance in the value chain that protects the weakest link, which is the producer, avoiding so they operate at a loss. Thus, having a study in which the production costs of a significant sample of the sector are analysed and justified would serve as a starting point for a negotiation between producers and the industry, thus guaranteeing compliance with the Food Supply Chain Law. The objective of this technical study is to analyse the production costs of beef farms in Galicia, focusing on those that have sold their produce under the PGI Ternera Gallega Suprema scheme during the years 2022 and 2023. The results show that the difference between a farm that is economically viable generating a fair income for the farmer and a farm that is not lies in their management of expenditure. Thus, enhanced control based on better knowledge of production costs guarantees the continuity and viability of beef farms.

Direction
VAZQUEZ GONZALEZ, IBAN (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Secretary)
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Member)

Summary
The purpose of this project is the design and construction of an artisanal cheese factory in Muxía (Coruña) , t his cheese factory will have an area of 288m2, with a length of 24m and a span of 12m. The roof will be flat (without parapets), with a slope of 5%; It will consist of four porticoes, the separation between them will be 6m and it will be 5m high. The struc ture is made with prefabricated concrete. In our cheese industry we are going to define two varieties of cheese: Fresh cheeses made from milk from Friesian cows that we will produce and sell all year round. Cheeses matured by surface moulds, also made from milk from Friesian cows that we will produce and sell all year round. With these products we will cover a wide market and cover a wide range of prices. The milk supply will be only with the milk of Friesian cows, from the family farm. The reason why this breed was chosen is due to the fact that they are animals with high milk yields, being able to have around 35 liters per day in average daily production. Milk production will be about 600 liters per day. The estimate is 7 liters of milk per cheese, thus leaving a production of 85 cheeses per day. In total, 31025 cheeses per year, of which 16425 will be fresh cheeses and 14600 matured by surface molds.

Direction
GOMEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIO (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Arbones Maciñeira, Enrique Rafael (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
The project will be carried out with teh aim of transforming the milk of a famiy farm into a value-added product such as Arzúa-Ulloa cheese with D.O.P. The factory will be located in teh parish of Lesta (Ordes), on a plot of land adjacente of the farm owned by de developer; it will have a daily transformation of 2000 L and four workers. The warehouse will have dimensions of 40x20 m, with a structure formed by pillars, raised beams, purlins and a gabled of roof. The construction calculatiosns, designs and sizing of the steam, fual,compressed air, refrigeration installation, electricity, fire protection installation, sanitation installation and plumbing will be the carried out in full. The details of the production process, machinery used and relevant calculations will be included in the annexes to the report. The entire project was budgeted at 762.165,50 € with a duration of 54 days.

Direction
GOMEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIO (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Arbones Maciñeira, Enrique Rafael (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
Due to the many factors that influence the climate in Galicia, it presents a high spatial and temporal variability, which directly affects many economic and social activities. Taking this into account, it is of great importance to have at hand climate observation networks that cover most of the territory, and in the case of not having them, to have tools that allow the prediction of climate parameters. The main tools used for the estimation of parameters in unmeasured locations are climate models and the interpolation of data from climate stations, with kriging being one of the most widely used interpolation methods. The evaluation of numerical models is very important to establish how well they estimate the parameters and to ensure that they result in a homogeneous data series. For this purpose, in the present study a comparison was made of point data from the MeteoGalicia weather station network with data extracted from the SIMPA, AEMET and ERA 5 databases and with data resulting from interpolation using geostatistical methods. The climatic parameters for which data were used for the study are: mean temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. To extract the data from SIMPA, ERA5 and AEMET and also to interpolate point data from MeteoGalicia, we worked with the statistical programming contour of R. After extracting the data or interpolating them, they were compared with the data measured in the Meteogalicia network of climatological stations using the Nash-Sutcliffe index. The results of this study seek to conclude which database is more effective for estimating each of the parameters studied. In general, the predictions based on interpolation (AEMET and kriging) presented the best goodness of fit, while SIMPA also presented good results for some parameters. In general, the parameters with the best estimation results were mean temperature, followed by precipitation and finally potential evapotranspiration.

Direction
DAFONTE DAFONTE, JORGE (Tutorships)
VALCARCEL ARMESTO, MONTSERRAT (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Neira Seijo, Xan Xosé (Secretary)
MUÑOZ FERREIRO, MARIA DE LAS NIEVES (Member)

Summary
The work addresses the development and implementation of a digital twin for an automated facility, using a video game engine as the main tool. The research focuses on the implementation of this digital twin using Unreal Engine 5 (UE5) and Touchdesigner, along with the integration of TwinCAT 3 for hardware control.

Direction
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Chairman)
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Secretary)
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Member)

Summary
This work addresses the complete process of capturing, processing, compressing, comparing, and analyzing point clouds obtained from two different LiDAR sensors: the LS LiDAR and the Livox HAP. Various compression methods are explored to efficiently manage the large volumes of data generated, aiming to minimize computation on robot onboard systems, which generally have limited capacity and energy consumption. These methods include downsampling, geometric compression, quality improvement filters, and lossless compression such as the method LASzip. Additionally, a detailed comparison of the results obtained with each sensor is carried out, evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of the applied methods depending on the features of the taken data. The objective is to provide a comprehensive view of compression techniques and their impact on the quality of LiDAR data, facilitating their application in various areas of robotics and spatial analysis.

Direction
GARCIA LORENZO, OSCAR (Tutorships)
SOUTULLO SOBRAL, SAMUEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ ALVAREZ, ALVARO (Member)

Summary
Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning technique that allows the creation of a global model on a central server, while the data and the training process are kept on local devices (clients). This ensures the privacy of data from users at all times. Its application in robotics may have great potential, but at the same time it presents a series of restrictions, as it could be sensorial heterogeneity between robots, that affects both the outputs and inputs of the models making its application in robotics sifficult. To deal with this problem, three different strategies are implemented and their results analysed, Transfer Learning, feature extraction with Random Forest and the use of embeddings to improve learning during the training of neural networks. For the mentioned strategies, two robots are used, a Turtlebot robot and a Waffle robot. In addition, a description of the strategy and the results obtained from applying a new FL approach to the data collected with the Turtlebot robot is included.

Direction
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ ALVAREZ, ALVARO (Member)

Summary
With the increasing popularity of drones in both commercial and recreational ap- plications, there has been great interest in improving their autonomous navigation capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study/analyze several visual SLAM algorithms applied to the DJI Tello drone, which serve as a tool with a lot of potential for this practice, allowing the drone to generate a map of the environment while it is located in real time. This work proposes to analyze these algorithms and identify those that optimize their performance in terms of robustness, precision and efficiency. Additionally, the limitations and technical challenges associated with implementing visual SLAM on low-cost drones such as the DJI Tello will be discus- sed, and possible improvements and future research directions will be suggested to advance this area.

Direction
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Chairman)
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Secretary)
VAZQUEZ ALVAREZ, ALVARO (Member)

Summary
The final degree project describes the design and implementation of a domotic automation system focused on plant care and monitoring. This system integrates sensors, actuators and IoT networks. The project covers from the selection of the hardware to the programming of the control software, conducting tests and evaluations of the entire system. In addition, there is a review of the background and previous research together with a summary of the current situation of the field in which it is included, providing a new integration to the field of several existing technologies. The importance of measurement accuracy and energy efficiency of sensor devices is highlighted. It makes use of Bluetooth Low Energy and Wi-Fi for communication between the devices and the relational database where the data is stored. The benefits of this project include improved plant health, user convenience and sustainability. Finally, the challenges and considerations for creating an interactive user-friendly interface to the system are addressed.

Direction
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Secretary)
PIÑEIRO GUILLEN, ANGEL (Member)

Summary
The main objective of this project is the programming of a CIP, or Clean-In-Place, system for the internal cleaning of tanks and pipes in the dairy industry. This system has been programmed in Ladder language and allows the selection and application of different types of cleaning using a user interface. This interface offers the ability to adjust the different parameters, such as temperatures, detergent concentrations and washing times, which will allow the optimization of the cleaning processes. In addition, the program was validated by means of system simulations, checking that the transitions of the different states are correctly fulfilled. Finally, there are included possible improvements or extensions for the system

Direction
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Secretary)
PIÑEIRO GUILLEN, ANGEL (Member)

Summary
In this work will see the creation of the design of a robotic cell for the feeding and stacking with an industrial robotic arm. They will treat subjects like the election of the own arm more his gripper, the creation of conveyor belts of chains and rollers, the distribution of the components of the cell and the most important, the elements of security used.

Direction
VALLADARES RODRIGUEZ, SONIA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Chairman)
BOULLON MAGAN, MARCOS (Secretary)
PIÑEIRO GUILLEN, ANGEL (Member)

Summary
This final degree project addresses the preparation and implementation of CSLAM (Collaborative Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) on two economically affordable robots, a Jetbot and an XGO Mini, acquired by the company ITG, with the aim of establishing a solid foundation for conducting exploration tests without having to use high-cost, specialized robots. The work begins with the simulation of each robot separately performing the SLAM task, in order to have a reference for future implementation on real robots. Next, we focus on adapting both robots so that each one can perform SLAM, as being more economical robots, they do not come equipped with all the necessary capabilities for the SLAM task. Once the robots have the necessary resources, we implement Lidar SLAM on each and begin SLAM testing with real robots; during these tests, we aim to adjust parameters to achieve a well-constructed map generated by each robot individually. Finally, we simulate the CSLAM task again to have a reference and implement CSLAM on the real robots, merging the two outputs produced by the robots, and in the tests, we aim to create a joint map that is as accurate as possible.

Direction
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Chairman)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Member)

Summary
ROS is the de-facto framework in robotics development. Because of this, it has been adopted by multiple industries and numerous projects have been created that seek to expand the reach of ROS into new industries. However, ROS has a planned obsolescence date, and therefore, for all those modules and packages that maintain the industry. The obsolescence of ROS is due to ROS 2, a new version that seeks to solve many of the problems originally raised through a series of architectural changes. Unfortunately, many of the modules and packages belonging to ROS are not yet in ROS 2, making the version handover complicated for certain industries, such as the aerial robotics industry, where many of their implementations rely on the MAVROS package to manage communication via the MAVLink protocol with UAVs. This industry depends in part on applications and tools for the control of swarms of UAVs, widely used today thanks to the rise of robotics for inspection and information collection for industry 4.0 or for use in armed conflicts. These applications require tools that allow or control of an indeterminate number of UAVs in a dynamic way and enable an agile deployment of them. This growth is threatened by the imminent obsolescence of the software bases that such tools use. Because of this, the creation of a tool that takes advantage of the native communication of ROS 2 through DDS to connect with the autopilots of the UAVs is proposed as a solution. This tool will be responsible for the transmission and translation of messages between the autopilot of each UAV and the proposed control program, simplifying communication and allowing easier access to the new control commands. This tool will be based on a container orchestrator, which will facilitate the creation and maintenance of the containers in which the UAVs are located, providing robustness and agility to the deployment of these containers. Thanks to this orchestrator, a single physical team with the proposed tool could act as a controller over a series of UAVs connected by network, facilitating the management of missions and the automation of said deployments.

Direction
PARDO SECO, FERNANDO RAFAEL (Tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Chairman)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Member)

Summary
The present Final Degree Project studies the feasibility of monocular vision to provide depth information for drones operating in indoor environments. In small and confined spaces, it is common to use compact devices for infrastructure inspection, surveillance, or autonomous navigation. In such cases, one of the most investigated tools to obtain information about the dimensions of the environment is monocular vision. This project focuses on analyzing one of the most established neural networks for monocular depth estimation, MiDaS, particularly in its version 3.1, which is based on Transformer models. Several backbones are compared to identify the one that offers the best balance between accuracy and processing time for the monocular depth estimation task with the DJI Tello drone. The selected model is used to generate relative depth maps from two-dimensional images captured by the drone's camera. Subsequently, this information is converted into absolute metrics using a linear regression method. The study evaluates whether the predicted absolute depth information is robust enough to be used in reactive control algorithms for drones by testing the system on board the DJI Tello in various indoor environments.

Direction
IGLESIAS RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA POLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Co-tutorships)

Court
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Coordinator)
COMESAÑA FIGUEROA, ENRIQUE (Chairman)
CORRALES RAMON, JUAN ANTONIO (Secretary)
FERNANDEZ VIDAL, XOSE RAMON (Member)

Summary
The project was conducted with the aim of adapting an existing industrial building for the production of craft beer, which is located in the industrial area of Friol (Lugo). The promoter is the owner of the industrial building, whose internal dimensions are 40.50 meters long, 20.40 meters wide and 12 meters high. The industrial building is in good condition, being only necessary the installation of the facilities and elements required in a food industry of this type, mainly: electrical and plumbing installations, fire protection, and some equipment such as, amongst others, malt mill, brewhouse, primary fermentation and maturation tanks, packaging machine and other ancillary equipment. The electrical installation was completed while the plumbing installation was reused to some extent. This industry produces 20,000 liters per month of craft beer from water, barley malt, hops and yeast. It is then packaged, labelled and dispatched. The details of the production process, the equipment used, and the calculations carried out are included in the annexes to the project memory. The budget for the project amounts to €1,606,435.95. The project is supported by an economic study which determines that it is financially viable, as it indicates that the investment is recovered and that there are also profits.

Direction
GOMEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIO (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
Cazón Díaz, Patricia (Secretary)
MAGIDE AMEIJIDE, JOSE MANUEL (Member)

Summary
This work centres in the use of technology LiDAR for the effective application of the Law of Mountains and the Law of Prevention and Defence Against the Forest Fires of Galicia. The technology LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) provides precise three-dimensional data of the terrain and the vegetation, what is crucial for a characterisation detailed of the forest surroundings. These data allow to the competent authorities evaluate and manage of efficient way the forest areas, ensuring the fulfillment of the valid rules. The work includes the acquisition and processing of data LiDAR to generate digital models of the terrain (MDT) and digital model of surface (MDS) to obtain a digital model of vegetation (MDV). Later, it will apply a methodology for like this obtain exclusively the dosel forest. These models will compare with the fajas of management and protection and will check the degree of fulfillment of the laws. Besides, the work will consist of an analysis detailed of the data obtained for each province of Galicia. This analysis will allow to identify the peculiarities of each territory and evaluate the state and the efficiency of the measures of prevention and management of forest fires implemented, facilitating the adaptation of specific strategies for each province. In summary, the integration of the technology LiDAR in the forest management of Galicia no only improves the precision and efficiency of the actions of prevention and control of fires, but it also optimises the available resources, reducing costs and time associated with the manual compilation of data, and promoting a more efficient management and sustainable of the forest resources.

Direction
Iniesto Alba, María José (Tutorships)

Court
DIAZ VARELA, EMILIO RAFAEL (Coordinator)
DIAZ VARELA, EMILIO RAFAEL (Chairman)
SANTE RIVEIRA, INES (Secretary)
MIRANDA BARROS, DAVID (Member)

Summary
This work centres in the use of technology LiDAR for the effective application of the Law of Mountains and the Law of Prevention and Defence Against the Forest Fires of Galicia. The technology LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) provides precise three-dimensional data of the terrain and the vegetation, what is crucial for a characterisation detailed of the forest surroundings. These data allow to the competent authorities evaluate and manage of efficient way the forest areas, ensuring the fulfillment of the valid rules. The work includes the acquisition and processing of data LiDAR to generate digital models of the terrain (MDT) and digital model of surface (MDS) to obtain a digital model of vegetation (MDV). Later, it will apply a methodology for like this obtain exclusively the dosel forest. These models will compare with the fajas of management and protection and will check the degree of fulfillment of the laws. Besides, the work will consist of an analysis detailed of the data obtained for each province of Galicia. This analysis will allow to identify the peculiarities of each territory and evaluate the state and the efficiency of the measures of prevention and management of forest fires implemented, facilitating the adaptation of specific strategies for each province. In summary, the integration of the technology LiDAR in the forest management of Galicia no only improves the precision and efficiency of the actions of prevention and control of fires, but it also optimises the available resources, reducing costs and time associated with the manual compilation of data, and promoting a more efficient management and sustainable of the forest resources.

Direction
Iniesto Alba, María José (Tutorships)

Court
DIAZ VARELA, EMILIO RAFAEL (Coordinator)
DIAZ VARELA, EMILIO RAFAEL (Chairman)
SANTE RIVEIRA, INES (Secretary)
MIRANDA BARROS, DAVID (Member)

Summary
The present project has like purpose the design and dimensioning of the network of saneamiento of the urban core of Carregal, in the city council of Tomiño, with the aim to provide these services to the population. In the actuality Carregal does not have of network of saneamiento, but they use private septic pits for the collected of the residual waters. In this work will create a network of saneamiento using drivings by gravity and bombs located. In definite, in the editorial of said project will expose the general and specific characteristics of the civil work, as well as the functional appearances, formal, constructive and economic necessary for a correct execution of the project.

Direction
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Tutorships)
CARBALLO SANCHEZ, RODRIGO (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ MOREIRA, IVAN (Coordinator)
NUÑEZ TEMES, CARLOS (Chairman)
TEIJEIRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA TERESA (Secretary)
DAFONTE DAFONTE, JORGE (Member)

Summary
The facilities of the farm will be improved, which currently has space for 40 cows and 20 heifers in old facilities where the work is very laborious and the production of the animals is lower than their maximum potential. To improve this farm, a warehouse will be built to house 65 milking cows and 15 dry ones, for which there will be 80cm of feeder per cow without any type of headlock so that they can eat more comfortably, in addition to 10 square meters of bed. warm per cow so that the bedding can be kept in good condition and more than 8cm of waterer per cow as recommended by the Welfare Quality protocol for evaluating animal welfare; for the isolation and treatment of livestock and a farrowing and neonatal area together to facilitate assistance at such an important time for the production cycle. Additionally, on the side of the cows in production, they will have a robot for milking that is more comfortable for the cows and less laborious for the farmers. The farm will also have good office and locker room facilities for the convenience of workers.

Direction
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA GONZALEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Member)

Summary
The facilities of the farm will be improved, which currently has space for 40 cows and 20 heifers in old facilities where the work is very laborious and the production of the animals is lower than their maximum potential. To improve this farm, a warehouse will be built to house 65 milking cows and 15 dry ones, for which there will be 80cm of feeder per cow without any type of headlock so that they can eat more comfortably, in addition to 10 square meters of bed. warm per cow so that the bedding can be kept in good condition and more than 8cm of waterer per cow as recommended by the Welfare Quality protocol for evaluating animal welfare; for the isolation and treatment of livestock and a farrowing and neonatal area together to facilitate assistance at such an important time for the production cycle. Additionally, on the side of the cows in production, they will have a robot for milking that is more comfortable for the cows and less laborious for the farmers. The farm will also have good office and locker room facilities for the convenience of workers.

Direction
Fernández Rodríguez, María Elena (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
PEREIRA GONZALEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Member)

Summary
Cattle breeding systems through extensive grazing usually combine the direct use of grass (herbaceous or shrubby) by tooth and the reserve of part of the former as stored forage (silage or hay), thus minimizing farm inputs of the and greenhouse gases emissions (Zorita, 1995). However, although this type of livestock farming encourages local production favouring the operation of local markets and constitutes an important way to maintain population in rural areas (García et al., 2009), it requires an increasingly extensive production area that guarantees the profitability of the farms, increase which is usually done at the expense of forestry or agricultural land. However, the knowledge of how the processes of transformation of forest or agricultural land for the production of herbaceous pastures, as well as the type of livestock management (conventional or certified organic), influence certain components of the environment (characteristics of soils and pasture composition) is insufficient. The aim of this work is to study the responses of the edaphic environment and the botanical, productive and quality characteristics of herbaceous pastures managed under different production models of local breed cattle (conventional vs. organic system) in a disadvantaged, mid mountain territory in the NW. of Asturias (municipalities of Illano, Pesoz and San Martín de Oscos). As the most notable results, reference is made to the general lack of difference between the ecological and conventional systems, due to management, extensive in both cases. The medium is the most influential factor.

Direction
LOPEZ MOSQUERA, MARIA ELVIRA (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ GUITIAN, MANUEL ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
BARREIRO BUJÁN, ANA ISABEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
González Hernández, María del Pilar (Secretary)
ALVAREZ RODRIGUEZ, ESPERANZA (Member)

Summary
The project 'Design of a turbot fish farm (Scophthalmus maximus) in Porto de Burela (Lugo), aims to design, size and evaluate, taking into account the current regulations, the infrastructure necessary to carry out or bait this species, completing a production target of 250 tons per year. The objective of the project is the increase in production by the promoting company, Stolt Sea Farm S.A., which already has numerous fish farms along the Galician coast. The plant's location will be in Porto de Burela, for which it will be necessary to request, from the developer, a concession for the occupation of the Port Public Domain, as well as permits for the collection and discharge of sea water. The plot has a surface area of 2 hectares, where the fattening tanks will be distributed outdoors, together with the entire water supply system and all the required installations. In addition, an auxiliary warehouse, measuring 15 x 30 meters, is planned to provide the necessary services for the productive part. In this document, the construction calculations, design and dimensioning of the electrical, plumbing, sanitation, and outlet water circuit are prepared. The contracted execution budget amounts to €4,391,898.06 and includes the document for waste management of the work and the corresponding health and safety study.

Direction
Torres Labandeira, Manuel Luis (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
BARRASA RIOJA, MARTIN (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL RAMIRO (Member)

Summary
This document serves as the Final Degree Project for the Degree in Forestry and Natural Environment Engineering, with a mention in Forest Exploitations. It is a management project for the communal forest of Bazal (Cervantes, Lugo, Galicia). The area covers 133.69 hectares. First, the administrative and legal status of the forest is defined, highlighting the management consortium that still governs it. The regulations applied to it are presented, with one of the most limiting being the Master Plan of the Natura 2000 Network. Then, the forest station is described, focusing on the orography, climatology, geology, soil science, and biology that develop there. It is a forest framed in the mid-mountain area of the Os Ancares region, characterized by having rounded peaks and steep slopes. The soils are primarily based on slates and quartzites. The climate favors the growth of the forest, but there is a two-month drought period in the summer, compensated by abundant rainfall during the rest of the year. Continentality is not pronounced. The forest is stratified into homogeneous areas based on the dominant species, age, main forest form, and canopy cover fraction. An inventory is made of the strata whose main function is wood production, occupied by stands of Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus radiata. Their structure is defined, their stocks are calculated, and the measurement error value is determined. In the general plan, the management method is established as stand management; the forest is divided into stands, which will be the ultimate units of management, felling, and inventory. The main uses are pasture production, timber, and protection. During the special plan, appropriate regeneration cuttings, scheduled improvement works, and a series of land-use changes to which different areas of the forest will be subjected will be carried out. Finally, an economic balance between the projected income and expenses is made, obtaining an estimated profit of €11,725.46.

Direction
DIEGUEZ ARANDA, ULISES (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
Rojo Alboreca, Alberto (Secretary)
Riesco Muñoz, Guillermo (Member)

Summary
This study consisted of updating the costs of FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification of sustainable forest management in Spain, as there has been no new study since 2016 and there has been a significant increase in the CPI since then. To carry out the study, a survey was sent to the holders of the certificates through the FSC Spain office to obtain information on the costs of the different certification phases, and their analysis and interpretation was carried out according to the modalities of access: individual, mixed groups, SLIMF groups, groups linked to cork production and public administrations. When comparing with previous studies of 2012 and 2016, a trend towards mixed groups and public administrations was observed. The results also indicated a slight increase of costs in the case of mixed groups, a decrease in the case of cork production and a significant increase in the case of public administrations, so a general pattern could not be established. Regarding the percentages of each type of cost in the total, the cost of preparing management plans increased significantly (53.6%), while the rest of the costs decreased. In addition, the certification of ecosystem services and non-timber forest services was also analyzed, but the but the small number of responses to the survey did not allow to obtain representative results.

Direction
Rojo Alboreca, Alberto (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
Vila Lameiro, Pablo (Secretary)
GARCÍA ARIAS, ANA ISABEL (Member)

Summary
This Bachelor’s Degree Final Project in Forestry Engineering will constitute the forest management plan for Monte Vacadas, located in the place of Armedelo, in the municipality of Rois, province of A Coruña. The boundaries of the forest are clear, with no conflicting areas. It has a total area of 50.8659 hectares, divided as follows: area occupied by a tower of an electric line that crosses the forest, 0.0009 ha; area of easement of the power line and watercourses, 0.4763 ha; forest area, 50.3887 ha. The forest management area is 50.8650 ha. After studying the legal, natural, forestry, and economic status of the forest, this area will be subdivided into four Compartments, according to the management objectives: one for Pinus radiata production, one for Eucalyptus nitens production, one for the production of high-quality hardwoods from native species, and one dedicated to fire prevention infrastructure. In addition to this primary production objective, secondary objectives are also considered: hunting, protective, and social, to enable the multifunctional development of the forests in their economic, social, and environmental values. In the compartments, a regeneration cutting plan will be scheduled during the 2024- 2034 period, based on data obtained from the in-situ forest inventory, and a series of silvicultural treatments will be implemented according to the economic availability of the promoter, based on the expected income. Additionally, a series of improvements for the entire forest area are contemplated, such as those included in the reforestation plan, treatment of felling residues, fire prevention and defense, maintenance of infrastructure, etc. Finally, after assessing the economic balance of the expected investments and returns of the activity during the term of this Special Plan, the investment would be profitable, as revenues are higher compared to expenses.

Direction
Rojo Alboreca, Alberto (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
DIEGUEZ ARANDA, ULISES (Secretary)
ALVAREZ GONZALEZ, JUAN GABRIEL (Member)

Summary
The purpose of this project is to design and execute the works that will cover 505m2, which in turn, are made up of two infrastructures that occupy a surface area of 258m2, they will be developed under a zoological core that will be dedicated to the joint ownership of hunting dogs to serve a group of 23 members belonging to the hunting reserve of O Saviñao. (Registration number: 1991-00000837-3 and registration: 05/06/1991), facilitating management in terms of care, surface area and time. The corresponding facilities will be designed with a view to housing a total of 32 dogs and obtaining a litter of puppies every three years to replace dogs of the team. The second infrastructure will be used for different functions, such as storage, service, breeding, resting room and intermediate zone of slaughter, the latter in order to properly handle the pieces obtained through hunting, allowing them to be processed for later storage, direct consumption or for restoration; both infrastructures will be divided by an external paved corridor five metres wide. Regarding the project, the necessary calculations to size the infrastructure and facilities will be detailed following the legislative framework in order to carry out the activities proposed in the production process, accompanied by their corresponding plans, general and specific Finally, a series of studies on the management of construction waste, a health and safety study, a thermal study, Environmental impact study and a maintenance schedule will be presented along with its economic valuation.

Direction
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Tutorships)
MAREY PEREZ, MANUEL FRANCISCO (Co-tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ RUIZ, JOEL (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
Riesco Muñoz, Guillermo (Secretary)
CARNERO LOPEZ, MATIAS (Member)

Summary
The latest National Forest Inventory, conducted in 2011, identified eucalyptus as the predominant tree formation in Galicia. This trend has continued until 2022, as shown by recent data from the Continuous Forest Inventory of Galicia, which reflects a 64,82% increase in the area occupied by eucalyptus. It is estimated that between 1,5 and 2 million tons of wood remain unexploited annually in Galicia, with a projection of up to 5 million tons. This phenomenon is attributed to the excessive maturation of the wood, leading to its heartwood formation, making it less suitable for the pulp industry. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the mechanical and chemical properties of mature Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood from San Tirso de Abres. The results of the dendrometry study indicate that the wood under study has a medium grain, an average static bending strength of 1201,19 kg/cm2 at 12% humidity, and a modulus of elasticity of 86897,32 kg/cm2. Chemically, it shows an average extract yield of 5,142% and an average content of total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and ellagitannins of 11,982, 1, and 0,376 mg/g, respectively. This research highlights the need for updated data to fully understand the potential of eucalyptus, and the results underscore its value for innovative industrial applications, with potential as a resource of special interest in the development of products related to the cooperage industry and the aging of spirits.

Direction
Vila Lameiro, Pablo (Tutorships)
CONDE FERNANDEZ, ADRIANA (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
Riesco Muñoz, Guillermo (Secretary)
ALVAREZ RODRIGUEZ, ESPERANZA (Member)

Summary
The estimation of the carbon fixed by forests is of great relevance for its contribution to climate change mitigation. To this end, and in response to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the Registry of carbon footprint, compensation and carbon dioxide absorption projects was created, according to Royal Decree 163/2014. The main objective of this work is to assess the potential of the municipality of A Veiga (Ourense) for the implementation of carbon sequestration projects. The aim is the afforestation of these areas of action with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens. With a station quality for each project based on inventory data from the company Ametlam S.L. of nearby plots, with the same physiographic conditions. It is important to know the effects of the silvicultural interventions on the carbon pools, for which different silvicultural models are established. For Betula pubescens the only forestry model available from the Xunta de Galicia, BC1, was chosen, and for Pinus sylvestris the forestry model PS1 from the Xunta de Galicia and a PSA model created by the company Ametlam S.L. were used, as they are expert forest managers. Given the lack of information regarding the suitability of the current calculation methodology for removals, an analysis of the CO2 removals calculator of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge (MITECO) based on dynamic forest growth models is proposed. The Ministry's removals tool does not adapt to clear-cutting regimes like the dynamic forest growth models, obtaining totally different values between the two methodologies. Carbon sequestration projects are a new opportunity to try to monetarily compensate private landowners for the positive externality of afforestation development. Accounting for the sale of carbon credits allows obtaining positive return values for the proposed forestry alternatives.

Direction
DIEGUEZ ARANDA, ULISES (Tutorships)
Rodríguez García, Hugo (Co-tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
ALVAREZ GONZALEZ, JUAN GABRIEL (Secretary)
Rojo Alboreca, Alberto (Member)

Summary
This document is a end of degree project for the Forestry Engineering and Natural Environment Degree, for the Mention in Forestry Exploitation. This document will develop the forest management plan of Rubiás communal forest. The forest has a surface area of 69.94 ha, once the area with a use that escapes forest management has been discarded. The forest is divided into three separated areas, where the most common forest species are Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus nitens. A division of the forest into two management blocks (”cuarteles”) is proposed, defining specific objectives and planification for each one. The management method chosen for both was the so-called “ordenación por rodales”. The forest management plan includes all the forestry works to be carried out during the planned 10 years period (2024-2033), with a positive economic balance of 511.753,59 €.

Direction
Rojo Alboreca, Alberto (Tutorships)

Court
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Coordinator)
RUIZ GONZALEZ, ANA DARIA (Chairman)
DIEGUEZ ARANDA, ULISES (Secretary)
ALVAREZ GONZALEZ, JUAN GABRIEL (Member)

Summary
Precision Agriculture with corn silage (Zea mays L.) optimizes resources such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. Self-propelled forage harvesters with yield monitors record production data that allows yield maps to be obtained. In this work, 730 files with corn silage yield data recorded by a contractor company in northwestern Spain during five seasons (2019-2023) were analyzed. Data files were obtained in 100 fields and cleaned with SMS Advanced software to eliminate errors. The first objective of the study was to analyze intra-field spatial variability and develop a protocol for the delimitation of management zones (MZ). Maps with MZ allow prescriptions to be made for variable rate applications (VRA). The proposed protocol made it possible to develop maps with delimited MZ in 70% of the fields analyzed. A second objective was the analysis of the inter-field temporal variability of the yield data. The following variables were used: dry matter yield, fresh matter yield, crop moisture, FAO maturity group, precipitation, thermal integral, field area, mean field slope, field topographic wetness index (TWI), and seeding rate. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on all variables. When the individual data were analyzed, two populations were observed, one corresponding to the year 2019 and the other to the years from 2020 to 2023. This was likely caused because 2019 saw the lowest summer rainfall. The cluster analysis was performed with the K-Means method and the PAM method, using the Silhouette width criterion. The Random Forest (RF) model was used to estimate corn silage production. Both cluster analysis methods and the RF model did not provide valid results to explain the inter-field temporal variability.

Direction
Bueno Lema, Javier (Tutorships)

Court
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Coordinator)
LOPEZ VILLAR, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
DUGO PATON, MAXIMO ANTONIO (Secretary)
DAFONTE DAFONTE, JORGE (Member)