Spectroscope Methods

- Know the basis and applications of the spectroscopic techniques described.
- Connect spectroscopy with the different areas in Chemistry.
- Know the theoretical fundamentals of radiochemical techniques.
- Choose the most suitable technique for solving each analytical problem.

Advanced electronic spectroscopy methods. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Laser and its applications in Chemistry. Photoelectronic spectroscopy. Advanced Raman spectroscopy methods. Spectroscopic methods for surface analysis. Radiochemical methods: neutron activation and isotope dilution methods.

For organization purposes, these contents are distributed in the following programme:

Unit 1: Introduction. Advanced methods for electronic spectroscopy.
Unit 2: Photoelectron spectroscopy.
Unit 3: Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy.
Unit 4: Laser and its applications in Chemistry.
Unit 5: Advanced methods for Raman spectroscopy.
Unit 6: Advanced methods for atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy.
Unit 7: Advanced methods for atomic emision spectroscopy.
Unit 8: Spectroscopic methods for surface analysis.
Unit 9: Radiochemical methods.

Basic Bibliography:
- D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch: “Principios de Análisis Instrumental, 7ª Ed.”, Cengage Learning, 2018.

Complementary Bibliography:
i) Units 1-5:
- P. Atkins, J. de Paula, J. Keeler: “Physical chemistry” (11th Ed.), Oxford Univ. Press, 2018. Edición anterior traducida: “Química física” (8ª ed.), Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2008.
- J.M. Hollas: “Modern spectroscopy” (4th Ed.), Wiley, 2004.
- H. Kuhn, H.D. Försterling, D.H. Waldeck: “Principios de fisicoquímica” (2ª Ed.), Cengage Learning, 2012.
- A. Ríos Castro, M.ªC. Moreno Bondi, B.M. Simonet Suau (coordinadores): “Técnicas espectroscópicas en química analítica. Volumen I: aspectos básicos y espectrometría molecular”, Síntesis, 2012.
- W. Schmidt: “Optical spectroscopy in chemistry and life sciences”, Wiley-VCH, 2015.
- B. Valeur: “Molecular fluorescence. Principles and applications” (2nd Ed.), Wiley-VCH, 2012.

ii) Units 6-9:
- Z.B. Alfassi (editor): “Non-destructive elemental analysis”, Blackwell Science, 2001.
- C. Cámara, C. Pérez-Conde: “Análisis químico de trazas”, Síntesis, 2011.
- J.I. García Alonso, P. Rodríguez-González: “Isotope dilution mass spectrometry”, RSC, 2013.
- D. Harvey: “Analytical chemistry 2.1”, edición electrónica, accesible en: http://acad.depauw.edu/harvey_web/eTextProject/version_2.1.html, 2016.
- IUPAC: “Compendium of chemical terminology – Gold book”, accesible en: https://goldbook.iupac.org.
- L.H.J. Lajunen, P. Perämäki: “Spectrochemical analysis by atomic absorption and emission (2nd Ed.)”, RSC, 2004.
- A. Ríos Castro, M.ªC. Moreno Bondi, B.M. Simonet Suau (coordinadores): “Técnicas espectroscópicas en química analítica. Volumen II: Espectrometría atómica, de iones y electrones”, Síntesis, 2012.
- F. Rouessac, A. Rouessac: “Chemical analysis. Modern instrumentation, methods and techniques” (2nd Ed.), Wiley, 2007.
- P. van der Heide: “Secondary ion mass spectrometry. An introduction to principles and practices”, Wiley, 2014.
- P. van der Heide: “X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An introducition to principles and practices, Wiley, 2012.
- J.F. Watts, J. Wolstenholme: “An introduction to surface analysis by XPS and AES”, Wiley, 2003.
- B. Welz, H. Becker-Ross, S. Florek, U. Heitmann: “High-resolution continuum source AAS”, Wiley-VCH, 2005.
- B. Welz, M. Sperling: “Atomic absorption spectrometry” (3rd Ed.), Wiley-VCH, 1999.

Additional complementary bibliography will be recommended for specific topics, if needed.

BASIC AND GENERAL COMPETENCES:
CG2 - Record and understand data, information and relevant results, draw conclusions and write sound reports on scientific, technological or other Chemistry-related problems.
CG3 - Apply theoretical and practical knowledge, the analytical and abstraction skills to the definition and solution of problems that can be found in the academic and in the professional environment.
CG4 - Communicate, both in writing and orally, chemical knowledge, procedures, results and ideas, both to skilled and unskilled people.
CG5 - Improve autonomous learning, organization of time, information, new knowledge and techniques that are used in any scientific or technological field.

TRANSFERABLE COMPETENCES:
CT1 - Improve the ability to synthesize and analyse information.
CT2 - Acquire organising and planning abilities.
CT3 - Acquire knowledge on a foreign language.
CT4 – Improve problem solving skills.
CT10 – Acquire critical thinking skills.
CT12 – Acquire autonomous learning skills.

SPECIFIC COMPETENCES:
CE8 - Understand analytical techniques (electrochemical, optical, ...) and their applications.
CE 11 - Understand the relationship between macroscopic properties and the properties of individual atoms and molecules, including macromolecules (both natural and synthetic), polymers, colloids and other materials.
CE13 - Acquire knowledge and understanding about essential facts, concepts, principles and theories related to Chemistry.
CE14 – Solve qualitative and quantitative problems following models previously developed.
CE25 – Establish relationships between Chemistry and other fields of knowledge.

The following teaching methodologies will be used during the lessons:

A) Lectures (denoted as "E" in the teaching schedule): theoretical lessons devoted to explain the different Units of the syllabus. The explanations will be theoretical or based on problems or examples. New technologies (slide presentations, videos, virtual platform, ...) will be used when adequate. To attend to this lessons, though not compulsory, is highly recommended.

B) Interactive sessions or Seminars (denoted as "S" in the teaching schedule): theoretical/practical lessons to solve exercises and analyze case studies related to the topics explained during the lectures. The student is expected to participate actively in this clases by handing in previous assignments, solving problems during the sessions, etc. New technologies (slide presentations, videos, virtual platform, ...) will be used when adequate. It is compulsory to attend these Seminars.

C) Group tutorials or Tutorials (denoted as "T" in the teaching schedule): two one-hour sessions. A wide variety of activities could be proposed during this sessions, dealing with clearing up points arising from the lectures or seminars, presenting and/or discussing on individual or small-group works, etc. It is compulsory to attend these Tutorials.

The final mark will consist of two parts: continuous assessment and final exam.

The final mark obtained will not be lower than that obtained in the final exam, even after doing the calculations with the following percentages:

i) Continuous assessment: 30 %
The attendance to Seminars and Tutorials is compulsory.

ii) Final exam: 70 %

In case of cheating on exercises, tests or exams, the “Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións” will be applied.

The assessment adquisition of the competences:

i) In the Lectures, Seminars and Tutorials, the following competences will be assessed: CG2, CG3, CG4, CG5, CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT10, CT12, CE8, CE11, CE13, CE14 and CE25.

ii) In the exam, the following competences will be assessed: CG2, CG3, CG4, CG5, CT1, CT2, CT3, CT4, CT10, CT12, CE8, CE11, CE13, CE14 and CE25.

FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING: 36 h, consisting of:

Lectures: 24 h
Seminars: 10 h
Tutorials: 2 h

STUDENT AUTONOMOUS WORK: 76.5 h

Students are advised to:
• Attend the all the Lectures, since all the topics are related to each other.
• Ask questions to solve doubts.
• Study regularly during the term.
• Once a Unit has been explained, it is useful to write an abstract with the key points, in order to remember their meaning and applications.
• Keep in mind that problem solving skills is essential for learning the subject.