ECTS credits ECTS credits: 4.5
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 74.25 Hours of tutorials: 2.25 Expository Class: 18 Interactive Classroom: 18 Total: 112.5
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Center Faculty of Pharmacy
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable
The general objective of the course is to give a professional image of some tasks of a Specialist in Clinical Analysis or Specialist in Clinical Biochemistry. Thus, this subject focuses on biological analysis and biochemical diagnosis that was not seen in the precursor subject, ABDB (which stand for Analisis Biológicos y Diagnósticos Bioquímicos). This matter is shown as an extension and supplementary material to be an introduction to further specialization.
This course tries to provide training in two axes:
1) Knowledge of the operational tasks in a clinical laboratory, with special attention to the description of the analytical phases in the laboratory, the production of reference values, the evaluation of new methods of analysis and their analytical quality control. It also trains in specific methodologies, such as molecular diagnostic methods and statistical methods.
2) Expands topics on specialized clinical semiology: It addresses the clinical importance and how to use some serum biomarkers for endocrine and oncological diseases, and in biological fluids other than blood and urine. Finally, the clinical and analytical aspects of therapeutic drug monitoring are addressed.
Expository Classes
It is a 23 hours long course where the following topics will be developed:
Thematic group I: Inside the Clinical Laboratory
Topic 1. Phases of analytical determinations
Topic 2. The preanalytical phase.
Topic 3. Automation in the analytical process
Topic 4. Analysis quality assurance
Topic 5. Production of reference values
Topic 6. Molecular methods of diagnosis in Clinical Analyses
Thematic group II: Clinical Biochemistry-semiology
Topic 7. The clinical utility of biological fluids
Topic 8. Pre-analytical considerations in the study of endocrine syndromes
Topic 9. Evaluation of pituitary function
Topic 10. The evaluation of thyroid function
Topic 11. Assessment of adrenal function
Topic 12. Evaluation of gonadal function
Topic 13. Tumor markers in the clinical-biochemical laboratory
Topic 14. Therapeutic drug monitoring.
Interactive Class Program:
With a teaching load of 6 hours taught in 55-minute sessions, in the even weeks of the entire semester:
CI-1: Statistical calculations. Quality Control (1h).
CI-2: Calculations of Reference Limits (1h)
CI-3: Design of a molecular diagnostic methodology (2h).
CI-4: Clinical Picture: Interpretation of Results in a CSF (1h)
CI-5: Clinical Picture: Endocrine Syndromes (1h)
The Practical Classes:
They will be done in the Faculty of Pharmacy, laboratory of Biochemistry. The classes will be preferably taught in February and March, on dates agreed with the students, in the morning or afternoon shift:
Practice 1. Quality Control assessment.
Practice 2. "In vitro" interference by drug: wrong results.
Practice 3. a A1AT-gene fragment is detected from genomic DNA.
Practice 4. Optional: Visit to the CHUS Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory.
Basic:
a) Principios de Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular. Alvaro González Hernández. 3ª edición. Elsevier. Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-389-6. This is the textbook that best suits this course as well as the optional continuation of this class, Clinical Biochemistry.
b) Practice in Clinical Chemistry. 4th Ed. William Clarke and Mark A. Marzinke. Elsevier-Academic Press, 2020. ISBN978-0-12-815499-1. Avanced
This is a high level Clinical Chemistry book, for those student interested in achieve a deep and updated knowledge of this discipline.
c) Laboratorio Clínico: Indicaciones e Interpretación de los resultados. Kathleen Pagana, Timothy Pagana. Primera Edición en Español. Traducido por Martha Elena Buschbeck para Editorial El Manual Moderno S.A. Mexico-2015. ISBN 978-607-448-508-0
This is the Spanish version of “Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests”, 5th edition. Elsevier-2014.
d) Lab Tests Online (http://www.labtestonline.es)
Website of the Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry (SEQC) which is the Spanish equivalent of the homonymous organization, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. This website contains updated and relevant information on physiology and pathological conditions, as well as clinical guidelines and laboratory diagnostic tests, and is designed as a helpful reference for medical professionals as well as patients.
Complementary.
a) Bioquímica Médica. John W. Baynes y Marek H. Dominiczak. 5ª Edición. Elsevier. –Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-406-0.
A good book for reviewing general Biochemical concepts
b) Best & Taylor: Bases Fisiológicas de la Práctica Médica. MA Dvorkin, PD Cardinali y RH Iermoli. 14ª edición. ED. Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires-2010. ISBN: 978-950-06-0253-2
A good book for reviewing physiology and pathophysiology
c) Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. Richard A. McPherson & Matthew R. Pincus. Elsevier-Saunders, 2017. ISBN 978-0-323-29568-0
This subject has a clinical-care approach. It teaches you how to interpret the information contained in the analytical results in order to understand the physiological and pathological health status. This subject is designed to provide training in the general and specific skills CIN/2137/2008 Order, in the manner detailed below:
General skills: CG1 and CG2, which in relation to the MF module refer to:
• Carry out clinical analyzes and kownhow their results can be interpretated under a clinical context.
• Know and understand the structure of the hman body, as well as the general mechanisms of disease, molecular and functional alterations, syndromic expression and therapeutic tools to restore health.
• Develop communication and information skills with other health professionals or patients.
• Carry out pharmaceutical care activities.
• Recognize one's own limitations and the need to maintain and update his/her professional competence.
Specific skills.
• Design, apply and evaluate reagents, methods and analytical techniques for clinical uses. Knowledge of the fundamentals of biochemical analysis (B01; Q02, MF02; MF03).
• Know the analytical techniques related to laboratory diagnosis (Q03, Q10, MF02, MF03, MF14).
• Participate in health promotion and disease prevention activities at the individual, family, and community levels; from a clinical-biochemical laboratory perspective.
• Develop oral and written communication skills with patients and other professionals in the workplace (LS08).
Cross-cutting skills.
Among the possible transversal competences to be developed, greater importance is given to the following:
• Information management skills (CI08).
• Troubleshooting (CI09).
• Ability to communicate with experts from other areas (CP05)
• Ability to work independently (CS08).
The methodology uses four training items:
A) Large Group Lectures: these last about 55 minutes and are scheduled in the general calendar established by the Dean's Office of the Faculty of Pharmacy (hereinafter "Dean's Calendar").
The professor presents the subject with the help of computer projections and/or the use of the blackboard. Students participate by paying attention to the explanations and responding individually in writing or "online" to the questions available for a limited period of time during the class. Students may use their own notebook to help with the answers, but are not allowed to share information with each other.
B) Interactive classes in small groups: These are activities of 2 hours per week scheduled according to the Dean's Calendar. In each session, the professor introduces a professional clinical scene related to a previous class in order to practice the concepts and laboratory parameters that are the aim of the course. As another formative activity, success will also be evaluated by answering questions in a short period of time as described in A).
C) Laboratory Training Classes: These classes are held in the laboratory of the Biochemistry Department of the Faculty of Pharmacy. The laboratory manual will be available in the virtual classroom, where each experimental session will be summarised, and the lecturer's explanation will be valuable to cover some information gaps.
The student may also be requested to answer short questions related to those theoretical aspects that are learning objectives during these training sessions. In addition, there will be a specific exam at the end of the practical sessions to assess their skills, attitude and ability in the laboratory. The distribution and the laboratory sessions of the students are planned in the Dean's Calendar list. Any student outside the Dean's Calendar list should inform the subject coordinator to arrange the situation.
D) Tutorials in very small groups: These classes are also scheduled in the Dean's calendar. The tutorials are used to clarify doubts about theoretical or practical aspects of the whole subject. Initially, the tutorials are face-to-face for a small number of students, but any student may request individual tutorials with the teacher for personalised interaction to improve their academic performance.
The final grade for this subject will be based on three evaluation blocks.
a) Continuous Assessment (CA). During all face-to-face sessions students may be required to solve short questions or activities that will allow them to accumulate points in their account, to improve their grade. In case of a wrong answer, the teacher will send a feedback with information about the error, but no negative value will be given. At the end of the semester, the cumulative points will be used to improve the marks of those who have successfully passed the exam (c).
b) Practical Skills (PS). The practical skills acquired during the laboratory training sessions will be evaluated with a specific and individual exam in which the student will have to reproduce and/or interpret parts of the analytical process performed during the training sessions. It is allowed, and highly recommended, to bring your own completed laboratory manual and calculator. The grade will be "Apto/ PASS" or "No-Apto/FAIL". In case of failure, the student will have to repeat the practical skills test at the next official examination period. Successful completion of the course requires a Pass in the PS test.
c) Knowledge Assessment (KA) . In this exam 50 specific questions, in several formats, relative to clinical cases to approach some razonable interpretation of clinical status of patients. The exam extends over 90 minutes and scored numerically between 0-50 points. Zero-point will be given by wrong or no-answeres; but a minor score of 20% by chapters and 37 points in all exam will be required in order to "Pass" the exam.
At any time, a student who commits fraud in any of the exercises or tests will be punished as according to the regulation available in “Normativa de Evaluación del Rendimiento Académico de los Estudiantes y de la Revisión de Cualificacións” of the University of Santiago de Compostela. Accordingly he/she will be graded as Fail (0.0)
FIRST OPPORTUNITY (1-OP):
In order to successfully pass this subject for the first exam period (1-OP) it will be necessary to achieve a grade of “Approved/APTO” in the PS and also pass those minimum scores in the KA; Contrary sense, students who do not fulfill these criterion will be graded as Fail and scored between 0.0 and 4.0). Getting 37 or more points by KA a score improvement will be applied as a results of adding his/her CT points to the KA points. The score improvement will not apply when KA score is 36 or lower.
The finnal score of each student will be transfered to their academic record as decimal applying the following algorithm [Nota= (0.150 score) – 0.518]. The maximum grade, MH, will be assigned among those students with higher than Outstanding (9.5) grade.
In this time of assessment two exceptional condictions will be considered:
1-Students who have a Attendance Exemption from the Pharmacy School Dean’s Office need to achieve “Apto/Pass” in the PS (within the last five academic years) as well as an exam score of 37 points or higher. They finnaly grade as is described in the second Opportunity (see below).
2- Students who are taking this class for the second, or more times, could choose his/her assessment criterion between the two options: as by defaults or as student having an Exception (1), But whenever he/she communicate his choice to the subject coordinator, answering a request in the Virtual Campus best before Octuber 5th.
SECOND OPPORTUNITY:
For the Second Exam Period (2-OP): The requirements to success the subject are quite similar to that described above, but there will be just three differences :
a) The CA score will not be used, but equivalent score will be gotten from +1 point for each correct answer to each one of the 10 questions with the highest degree of difficulty in the KC, and also only applied when 37 or higher score are achieved in the exam.
b) Decimal transformation value uses a similar procedure but the algoritm will be adjusted to 60 points of maximal score.
c) No Maximal Grade (MH) will be assigned in this Opportunity for outstanding score.
Also an exceptional situation of assesment may be considered in this 2-OP: Students who have achieved a FAIL grade in the 1-OP by grade as FAIL in his/her PS, but his/her had been reached a final puntuation score (KA+CA) higher than 53 points, then he/she would not have to do a new KA testin this 2-OP, just only PS.
Whatever the skills be (General, Specific or Traversal) everyone can be grade by a combination test as follows:
Assessment_____________ Kind of skill___________ Competence code___________________________
Continuous Training ............... General ....................CG1; CG2
............................................. Specific ....................B01; MF02; MF03; MF14; LS01; LS08
............................................. Transversal .....................CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
Practical Skills.......................... General ....................CG1; CG2
.............................................. Specific ....................MF02; MF03; MF11; MF14; LS01; Q03; Q10
.............................................. Transversal ....................CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
Knowledge Assessment (KA) .. General..........................CG1; CG2
.............................................. Specific..........................MF02; MF03; MF14; LS01; B01; B03; Q10
.............................................. Transversal ...........CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
PRESENTIAL WORK, ................................ HOURS
Expository classes in large groups, ..............23
Interactive classes in small groups …………….… 6
Tutorials in very small groups …………………….....2
Laboratory practices …………………………………….12
Examinations and revisions …………………………...2
Total hours of work ……………………………………….45
PERSONAL STUDENT WORK, ............................. HOURS
Individual or group independent study, ……..............46
Resolution of exercises, other works, ……………........10.5
Resolution of exercises, practices with a computer, ..8
Orientation and resolution of doubts, ……………...........1
Conducting and reviewing the exam, ………………….......2
Total hours of personal work of the student, ………….67.5
Successful performance in this subject requires an understanding of the "why", "where" and "how" of each biochemical test, so that it is easier to remember when to use it and what information it can provide.
If you do not pass this subject at the first opportunity, it is advisable to go to the exam review, because it will help you to identify the points with less mastery and that, therefore, need to be worked on more for the second opportunity.
It is also advisable to visit the virtual complement of this course in the Virtual Campus to access much of the information presented in the lectures. Any possible updates to the class schedule will be communicated through the Virtual Campus and/or MS Teams.
To study this subject it is highly recommend to have knowledges in Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Techniques, also with Biochemistry I and II, Immunology, Human Physiology I and II, Physiopathology, Immunological and Hematological Analyses.
It is highly recomendable have attended Biological Analyses and Biochemical Diagnoses in the previous semester, since the subject will be treated as an extension for laboratorian and specialized topics.
| Thursday | ||
|---|---|---|
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Friday | ||
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |